@misc{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.07455,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2205.07455},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07455},
  author = {Zhang, Li},
  keywords = {Computation and Language (cs.CL), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
  title = {Reasoning about Procedures with Natural Language Processing: A Tutorial},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  year = {2022},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International}
}
        

@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2020-reasoning,
  title = "Reasoning about Goals, Steps, and Temporal Ordering with {W}iki{H}ow",
  author = "Zhang, Li  and
    Lyu, Qing  and
    Callison-Burch, Chris",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)",
  month = nov,
  year = "2020",
  address = "Online",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.emnlp-main.374",
  pages = "4630--4639",
}
          

@inproceedings{yang-etal-2021-visual,
title = "Visual Goal-Step Inference using wiki{H}ow",
author = "Yang, Yue  and
  Panagopoulou, Artemis  and
  Lyu, Qing  and
  Zhang, Li  and
  Yatskar, Mark  and
  Callison-Burch, Chris",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
address = "Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.165",
pages = "2167--2179",
abstract = "Understanding what sequence of steps are needed to complete a goal can help artificial intelligence systems reason about human activities. Past work in NLP has examined the task of goal-step inference for text. We introduce the visual analogue. We propose the Visual Goal-Step Inference (VGSI) task, where a model is given a textual goal and must choose which of four images represents a plausible step towards that goal. With a new dataset harvested from wikiHow consisting of 772,277 images representing human actions, we show that our task is challenging for state-of-the-art multimodal models. Moreover, the multimodal representation learned from our data can be effectively transferred to other datasets like HowTo100m, increasing the VGSI accuracy by 15 - 20{\%}. Our task will facilitate multimodal reasoning about procedural events.",
}
        

@inproceedings{lyu-etal-2021-goal,
title = "Goal-Oriented Script Construction",
author = "Lyu, Qing  and
Zhang, Li  and
Callison-Burch, Chris",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Natural Language Generation",
month = aug,
year = "2021",
address = "Aberdeen, Scotland, UK",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.inlg-1.19",
pages = "184--200",
abstract = "The knowledge of scripts, common chains of events in stereotypical scenarios, is a valuable asset for task-oriented natural language understanding systems. We propose the Goal-Oriented Script Construction task, where a model produces a sequence of steps to accomplish a given goal. We pilot our task on the first multilingual script learning dataset supporting 18 languages collected from wikiHow, a website containing half a million how-to articles. For baselines, we consider both a generation-based approach using a language model and a retrieval-based approach by first retrieving the relevant steps from a large candidate pool and then ordering them. We show that our task is practical, feasible but challenging for state-of-the-art Transformer models, and that our methods can be readily deployed for various other datasets and domains with decent zero-shot performance.",
}
      

@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2023-causal,
  title = "Causal Reasoning of Entities and Events in Procedural Texts",
  author = "Lyu, Qing  and
  Zhang, Li  and
  Callison-Burch, Chris",
  booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL 2023",
  month = may,
  year = "2023",
  address = "Dubrovnik, Croatia",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.10896.pdf",
  abstract = "Entities and events have long been regarded as the crux of machine reasoning. Procedural texts have received increasing attention due to the dynamic nature of involved entities and events. Existing work has focused either on entity state tracking (e.g., the temperature of a pan) or on counterfactual event reasoning (e.g., how likely am I to burn myself by touching the pan), while these two tasks are tightly intertwined. In this work, we propose CREPE, the first benchmark on causal reasoning about event plausibility based on entity states. We experiment with strong large language models and show that most models, including GPT3, perform close to chance at .30 F1, lagging far behind the human performance of .87 F1. Inspired by the finding that structured representations such as programming languages benefits event reasoning as a prompt to code language models such as Codex, we creatively inject the causal relations between entities and events through intermediate variables and boost the performance to .67 to .72 F1. Our proposed event representation not only allows for knowledge injection, but also marks the first successful attempt of chain-of-thought reasoning with code language models.",
}
        

@inproceedings{zhou-etal-2022-show,
title = "Show Me More Details: Discovering Hierarchies of Procedures from Semi-structured Web Data",
author = "Zhou, Shuyan  and
    Zhang, Li  and
    Yang, Yue  and
    Lyu, Qing  and
    Yin, Pengcheng  and
    Callison-Burch, Chris  and
    Neubig, Graham",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
month = may,
year = "2022",
address = "Dublin, Ireland",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.214",
pages = "2998--3012",
abstract = "Procedures are inherently hierarchical. To {``}make videos{''}, one may need to {``}purchase a camera{''}, which in turn may require one to {``}set a budget{''}. While such hierarchical knowledge is critical for reasoning about complex procedures, most existing work has treated procedures as shallow structures without modeling the parent-child relation. In this work, we attempt to construct an open-domain hierarchical knowledge-base (KB) of procedures based on wikiHow, a website containing more than 110k instructional articles, each documenting the steps to carry out a complex procedure. To this end, we develop a simple and efficient method that links steps (e.g., {``}purchase a camera{''}) in an article to other articles with similar goals (e.g., {``}how to choose a camera{''}), recursively constructing the KB. Our method significantly outperforms several strong baselines according to automatic evaluation, human judgment, and application to downstream tasks such as instructional video retrieval.",
}
        

@inproceedings{zhang-etal-2020-intent,
  title = "Intent Detection with {W}iki{H}ow",
  author = "Zhang, Li  and
    Lyu, Qing  and
    Callison-Burch, Chris",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 10th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing",
  month = dec,
  year = "2020",
  address = "Suzhou, China",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.aacl-main.35",
  pages = "328--333",
  abstract = "Modern task-oriented dialog systems need to reliably understand users{'} intents. Intent detection is even more challenging when moving to new domains or new languages, since there is little annotated data. To address this challenge, we present a suite of pretrained intent detection models which can predict a broad range of intended goals from many actions because they are trained on wikiHow, a comprehensive instructional website. Our models achieve state-of-the-art results on the Snips dataset, the Schema-Guided Dialogue dataset, and all 3 languages of the Facebook multilingual dialog datasets. Our models also demonstrate strong zero- and few-shot performance, reaching over 75{\%} accuracy using only 100 training examples in all datasets.",
}
          

@Inproceedings{Pennsylvania2022,
  author = {Panagopoulou, Artemis and Arora, Manni and Zhang, Li and Cugini, Dimitri and You, Weiqiu and Yang, Yue and Zhou, Liyang and Wang, Yuxuan and Hou, Zhaoyi and Hwang, Alyssa and Martin, Lara and Shi, Sherry and Callison-Burch, Chris and Yatskar, Mark},
  title = {QuakerBot: A household dialog system powered by large language models},
  year = {2022},
  url = {https://www.amazon.science/alexa-prize/proceedings/quakerbot-a-household-dialog-system-powered-by-large-language-models},
  booktitle = {Alexa Prize TaskBot Challenge Proceedings},
  }
        

@InProceedings{gpt3drum,
  author    = {Li Zhang  and  Chris Callison-Burch},
  title     = {Language Models are Drummers: Drum Composition with Natural Language Pre-Training},
  venue = {AAAI 2023 1st workshop on Creative AI across Modalities},
  month     = {Feburary},
  year      = {2023},
  address   = {Washington, D.C., USA},
  abstract  = {Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.},
  url       = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.01162},
  software  = {https://github.com/zharry29/drums-with-llm},
}